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OPEN FIRB'STOVE AND HEATER., No. 292.937. Patented Feb. 5, 1884.

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UNITED STATES; PATENT Qrrion.

' which the following is a specification.

ALONZO n. MORGAN,- or New York, N. r.

OPEN-FIRE STOVE AND HEATER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 292,937, dated February 5, 1884.

Application filed December 5, 1882. (No model.) 7

To all whom it may concern.-

citizen of the United States, residing at New York city, in the county and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improve-- ments in Open-Fire Stoves and Heaters, of

The first part of my invention relates to stoves and heaters having areverberating and expansion chamber over or partly over and partly back of the upper part of the fire'box, and an air-jacket for the circulation of air to be heated by passing along the surfaces of the firebox and chamber, and to discharge it through openings in the perforated plate of the air-jacket; and it consists of the construction of the said expansion-chamber with one or more tubes traversing it in a manner toenable some of the air to pass through said tube or tubes, and be thereby exposed to the heat of the interior of the jacket, so as to greatly increase the air-heating. capacity of the same.

The second part of the invention relates to any form of open fire-place or stove; and it consists of an improved form of the guard-plate designed to prevent ashes and bther matters dropping down through the front of the firegrate from scattering over the hearth and being drawn through air-passages into the heater when an air-heating jacket is used.

The invention also consists ofthe said guardplate having a rest or seat on the base;plate of the stove or heater, which, being a part of the stove itself, always maintains the guard-plate in the desired position relatively to the fire grate, especially at the top of saidplate, to receive and hold the blower in proper relation to the grate, whereas in the common arrangement of resting said plate on the hearth the top will sometimes project in too far toward the grate or outward therefrom, in consequence of the floor on which the hearthplate rests not being level, so that the blower will not fit, being either too slack or too close, all as hereinafter fully described, reference being made to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figurelis a sectional elevation of an openfront fire-place heater constructed according to my invention. Fig. 2 is a detail of the expansion-chamber in section on the line 00 a: of

Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a horizontal section of Fig. 1 on the line y 9 The reverberatory and expansion chamber applied to the top of the fire-box a, for the better combustion of the gases, and for more effectually heating the air within the jacket 0, is represented at d, the said chamber having an upward extension from the throat c of the fire-box, also backward, and also downward in the back part, as represented at j, which is the most preferable form; but said form may be varied to some extent for the purposes of the present improvement of the same, which consists of the application of one or more air-tubes, 9, arranged through it from the lower back part to the upperfront part, and traversing the said chamber, so as to 0011- duct considerable portions of the air through the hottest part of the chamber, to enable the air to be heated to much greater extent with a given quantity of fuel. It is to be observed that the said air-passages 9 open at the back in a downward direction, most favorable for receiving the upwardly-flowing air, and for the ascent therefrom through the expansionchamber to the front, and discharge in the direction of the op en-fron t j acket-plate 79, through which the heated air issues into the room to be heated, thus favoring an active circulation of air, and consequently increasing the heat ing-power of the stove. The damper tis to be suitably notched for the air tube or tubes.

The improvement of the guard-plate t con- Y sists of the outwardly-projecting flange j of the top, to catch the droppings from the front of the fire-grate when the blower w is removed from its rest or seat, consisting of the ledge a: 011 plate t at the base of flange j, and discharge them into the pan k, to prevent them from scattering on the hearth Z, and particularly to prevent light ashes from dropping down before and into the air-passages m, through which air enters the jackets to be heated, and thus avoid the carrying of such matters up with the air into the room. \Vhen theguard-plate is located on the top of an outwardly-projecting hearth-plate which stands higher than the fire-place hearth, so that air may enter under the hearth-plate to the heating-jacket, and at some distance forward of the guard-plate,ashes falling down in front of the guard-plate will lodge on the hearth-plate, so as not to be drawn in with the air to the heating-jacket; but in an air-heating open stove of the kind representedthat is, having no elevated front projection under the guard-plate-the openings m, for admitting the air to theheating-j acket, must be located in the front plate at the sides of the front opening, when light ashes falling over the guard at or near the sides of the front opening of the fire-box will fall so close to said openings m as to be drawn into the heaterjacket by the air, and thence escape with the heated air into the room. The flange j is therefore an important device in such stoves or heaters, and for effectually preventing the ashes from falling in front of these openings, said outwardly-projecting flange is not only arranged on the front of the crown-plate, but extended so as to touch the sides of the front plate, in which the openings m are made, and thus effectually prevent the falling of ashes in front of or near said air-passages m. In order that the guard-plate may have a rest on which it will invariably occupy the same position relative to the fire-grate, especially at the top, to support the blower w, so as to make close joints with it and with the upper grate-bar at x, I propose to extend the base-plate n of the heater outward under the said guard-plate and form a groove, 0, in the upper surface, in which to receive the lower edge of the guard-plate, thus enabling the upper edge of the crownplate to assume the right position in front of the lower grate-bar, or thereabout, and be alike at all times with referen ee to it without regard to how the heater may be set in the fire-place with respect to the hearth or the hearth-plate l, on which it frequently occurs that the guardplate will not assume itsproper position with respect to the fire-grate, because the heater or stove does not set square to the hearth, often making much difficulty in fitting the blower, whereas bythe extension of the base-plate for the support of the guard-plate the relations of the latterrto the blower and the fire-grate will always be alike, because the base-plate and the grate, being alike attached to the stove, will be invariable as to their relative positions.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,

1. In an open-fire stove having a distinctive reverberatory or expansion chamber, d, co1nmunicating with the top of the fire-box bythe throat e, and having a downward extension from said throat, in which the products of combustion are received and materially retarded and expanded before escaping into the chimney, the said expanding chamber having a tube or tubes arranged for conducting the air from the lower back part to the upper front part, in combination with an air-jacket surrounding the fire-box and expansion-chamber. and having arperforated jacket, through the openings of which the air is directly discharged from said tube or tubes, substantially as described.

2. In an openfire stove or furnace, a removable guard-plate, i, for closing the lower portion of the front opening and supporting the blower for the upper portion of said front opening, the said guard-plate resting directly on the base-plate a of the stove, said plate having a groove in its upper surface for lodgment of said guard-plate therein, to securely maintain it in its proper relations with the fire-box front, substantially as described.

3. In an open-front stove or furnace having the guard-plate i resting on the low-down base-plate a, and having the air-passages m to the heating-j acket arranged in the front plate at the sides of the front opening,the said guardplate 12, for closing the lower part of the open front, having the outwardly-projecting top flange, j, to catch the droppings from the fire when the blower is removed, said outwardlyprojecting top flange being extended upward and along the sides of the front opening to the front plate, said front plate having the said passages in below said projecting flange j, substantially as described;

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

A. R. MORGAN. Vitnesses:

V. J. MORGAN, S. H. lVIORGAN. 

